70s customers cars

Things have changed immensely for Formula 1 teams. Up until the early 70s, Formula 1 teams were basically forced to build cars for other formulas, racing them as works teams or selling them to customers. The extra income was necessary, until commercial sponsorship matured in the mid 70s, and Bernie Ecclestone expanded the Formula 1 concept into a more viable proposition.

Lotus, for instance, built Formula 3 and Formula 2 cars, selling them to customers in the early part of the decade. Lotus F3 cars were very common in 1970/71, rare by 1973, when Lotus had built the last non-Formula 1 car, the Formula 2 that became known as Texaco Star. There was some talk of a Formula Indy Lotus in the early 80's, but it never materialized.

Brabham was a major race car builder, in fact the cars were very common in F2, F3, Formula Atlantic, and even in Formula 5000. The Brabham BT40 was the last formula 2/formula 3 from that constructor, in 1973, and a Brabham BT43 Formula 5000 that briefly hit the race tracks.

The Henri Pescarolo Surtees, 1976. Sponsored by model manufacturer Norev.

McLaren was pretty much involved in F5000 in 1970, in fact, it was the most successful builder at the time. A McLaren M25 one off F-5000 car appeared in the mid 70s. McLaren also became involved in Formula Indy, winning two Indy 500 races (1974 and 1976) with the works team, and several other races. Among others, Penske used McLarens for a while. This involvement lasted until the end of the decade. McLaren also built a Formula 2 car for the 1972 season, winning the final race at Crystal Palace. McLaren was also involved in the Can Am series, staying as a works team until 1972, and winning the 1970 and 1971 titles.

It could be said that March was a race car builder who also happened to be in Formula 1. In fact, pretty much all F-1 Marches from 1972 on were based on the F-2 car, not the other way around. March was very successful in F-2, winning many titles between 1971 nd 1983, and in F-3, a category it left in 1981. It also built Formula Atlantic and Formula 5000 cars, in addition to sports cars.

Surtees had some success in F-5000 from the onset, winning a title in Europe (Van Lennep, 1972) and being competitive in USA (runner-up, Posey, 1971), also winning the 1972 F-2 championship (1972, Hailwood). It left F-2 in 1974, concentrating in Formula 1 with no great effect. It should be noted, however, that a Surtees F-1 won the British Group 8 championship of 1977, with Tony Trimmer.

Shadow began in F-1 in 1973, and it was active as a works team in Can Am, Formula 5000 and the revised Can Am, as of 1977.

Matra built F-1 cars until 1972, but it was concomitantly active in Sports-cars, in fact much more successful in the latter category, winning titles in 1973/74.

Ferrari had been in F-2 and Formula Tasman until 1969, but from 1970 until 1973 it built only Sports Cars out of Formula 1. In fact, it built more than 25 of the Ferrari 512, to meet Group 5 regulations. From 1974 on, it built only F-1, until the early 90's, when the Ferrari 333 was released.

Other constructors that were involved in F-1 in the 70's, but also built cars for other formulas or categories were Lola, Trojan, Ralt, Penske, Parnelli, Merzario, Martini, Ligier, Tecno, Bellasi, Alfa-Romeo.

Much more information about racing in the 70's can be found in my book MOTOR RACING IN THE 70'S - PIVOTING FROM ROMANTIC TO ORGANIZED. It is a 472-page book about racing in the period,  with 242 photos, covering Formula 1, Formula 2, Formula 3, Formula 5000, other lower formulae, Formula Indy, NASCAR, Touring Cars, Sports Cars, Can Am, Trans Am, IMSA, DRM, local racing scenes, main driver profiles, plus long lists of makes that raced in the period, main drivers and racing venues from 85 countries, year highlights, performance and financial analysis of the sport. It can be bought at Amazon shops in the USA, UK, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Canada, Australia, Japan, 

https://www.amazon.com/dp/1732674426

SCHENKEN, TIM

 

9/26/1943, Sydney, Australia

Starts: 34

Points: 7

Wins:0

Poles:0

Fastest Laps:0

Judging from the press Schenken got in 1968, one would expect him to be world champion by the early 70’s. In fact, Tim had swept every one before him in F-Ford and Formula 3, winning in one year more races than most people win in a career. Things started to get tougher in F-2 though. Needless to say, F-1 was no piece of cake either. Tim got his first break driving the De Tomaso for Frank Williams, replacing Brian Redman. To his credit he managed to qualify the car all four times he appeared, a better performance than Redman’s. This was sufficiently good to attract the Brabham team, which signed Tim to replace Jack Brabham. The early part of the year was a bit tough, but in Britain Schenken qualified 7th. This was followed by three other top ten starts, plus a good helping of points from 6th in Germany and a swell 3rd place and podium in Austria. By the end of the year Schenken was back to the bottom of the timesheets, and was not retained by Brabham. In F-2 he showed a good turn of speed, and was one of the top drivers in the category. Leaving Brabham seemed right, as the team was obviously on a downward spiral, while Team Surtees, which Tim joined, seemed to be on the way up. The beginning of the year was not bad: right on his first race, Schenken scored a 5th place in Argentina, followed by eighth place on the grid in South Africa and good placings in the British non championship races. Henceforth, Schenken’s performance dropped, in spite of two very “racy” 5th grid positions in England and France. The relationship between Schenken and Surtees, known for being difficult, did not gell, and by the end of the year Tim had been shown the door, qualifying 32nd and dead last in the USA. For 1973 Schenken was already out of a regular drive in F-1, although he remained in the limelight in Formula 2 and Sports Car racing with Ferrari. He was one of several drivers to have the displeasure of driving an Iso Marlboro that season, in his case in Canada, finishing 14th. For 1974, Tim was going to back on the frame, with an ambitious project. Rondel (Ron Dennis’ F-2 team) had been planning an entry in F-1, but wisely gave up along the way, the project being picked up by no other than Ron Tauranac, the Australian that ran Brabham in 1971, before selling to Bernie Ecclestone. The new team was going to be called Trojan and in spite of the principal’s credentials, seemed to be a little short on funding by the time it appeared in Spain. The car also looked somewhat bulky, and it soon became clear that this would not be the instrument to revitalize Schenken’s F-1 career. He did manage to finish 3 times, including two tenth places, but also failed to qualify a couple of times. The project would not survive beyond Monza, so for the North American races Tim was free. As usual, Lotus planned to field a 3rd car in Watkins Glen, and Schenken was named to drive it. Another lost opportunity this was. Schenken qualified only 27th out of 30 and was the first reserve. He ended up starting anyway, but was disqualified in what amounted to be his last GP. Schenken continued racing a few more years, mostly driving assorted Porsches and Sports cars for the Georg Loos team, finding some success at this level. Eventually he founded the Tiga Racing concern with Howden Ganley , and continues to be involved in the sport to this day, in a managerial role.

• Cars driven outside of Formula 1:

Formula 2: Brabham, Surtees, Motul, Alpine, March

Formula 3: Chevron, Brabham

Sports-cars: Ferrari, Porsche (935, 934, 911 Carrera), Mirage, Ford GT40, Chevron, Matra-Simca

Touring cars: Ford Escort

Can-Am/Interseries: Porsche 917

ROBERTO MORENO'S F1 CAREER

2/11/1959, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Starts:41
Points: 15
Wins:0
Poles:0
Fastest Laps:1

Understanding Roberto Moreno’s career is a major undertaking, for he was an obviously talented driver, with enough stamina to be driving to this day, who simply did not seem to catch the right breaks at the right time, although on paper he seemed to have plenty of opportunities. A pal of Nelson Piquet’s, Moreno went to Europe in 1979, and by 1980 was a major force in Formula Ford, winning 15 races. He went to Formula 3 in 1981, got excluded from some races due to regulation violations, and that early in his career got a testing contract with Lotus. Having won the Australian GP in 1981, against many established GP aces, Moreno went to the USA to drive in Atlantic. He then got what could be seen as the opportunity of a lifetime, but turned out to almost kill his career: he was entered as a Lotus race driver in the Dutch GP, but failed to come to grips with the car and DNQ’d miserably. That was it as far as Lotus was concerned. Still, he managed to land a works Ralt-Honda F2 drive, in the last year of the Formula, in 1984, finishing runner up in the championship. He then shifted focus to the USA again, trying Indy cars, where he made several contacts that would be useful years later. He returned to Europe to drive in F3000, was unlucky not to win many races, and finally got another Formula 1 break, driving for the underfinanced AGS team in 1987. He did really well to finish 6th in Australia, but that was not enough to get him a permanent Formula 1 drive, even at AGS! He did do a full season of F3000 in 1988, finally winning the championship handsomely, and was hired by Coloni for the 1989 F-1 season. One of the worst cars in the field, Moreno occasionally managed to qualify the beast, including a surprising 15th place start in Portugal. For 1990, Moreno was retained by Euro Brun, barely a change of fortune. The Euro Burn was just as bad as the Coloni, and Moreno managed to start only three races. The big chance of his career would be caused by another man’s unluckiness. Benetton’s Alessandro Nannini had a helicopter crash, as a result of which he had severe hand injuries, and the team needed a competent driver to fill the void. Obviously with some help from buddy Nelson Piquet, Moreno was called to race for the competitive team and had his 15 minutes of glory in F-1, finishing the Japanese GP in 2nd place, after qualifying ninth. Benetton decided to keep Moreno for the next season, and Roberto scored the occasional points, but was not as competitive as management expected. So after finishing 4th in Belgium and posting fastest lap, Moreno was summarily fired from the team, and replaced by Michael Schumacher, who had impressed in his debut race at SPA. As some form of compensation, Moreno got a couple of drives at Jordan, which was a rookie team that year, plus a final race of the year at Minardi. Reportedly he took home a nice sum of cash with his dismissal, but no money in the world could compensate what came next: a season driving for Andrea Moda, a team many reckon to have been the worst ever to grace the GP shores. Moreno actually managed to qualify in Monaco, of all places, but the car was terrible, there were legal problems, no engines, and it was all rather obvious that the team would not survive the year. It didn’t. After that, Moreno did some touring car racing in Europe, until he was called to drive in the largely Brazilian funded Forti team, in 1995. Reminiscent of Copersucar efforts of the 70’s, the yellow liveried team was also very far from competitive, and to make matters worse for Moreno, at times even teammate Diniz, whom many considered merely a rich kid, was faster than him. He saw out the season mostly retiring and never qualifying better than 20th. Moreno’s F1 career was thus over, but he continued racing, becoming known as Super Sub in the hey day of the CART Series in the USA, eventually landing a permanent seat in a good team and a couple of well deserved wins. He now races in the Brazilian Stock Car series, and appears sporadically in Sports Car races in the US.
OTHER CARS DRIVEN:
Formula 3000: Reynard, Tyrrell, Ralt,
Formula 2: Ralt
Formula 3: Ralt
Formula Ford: Van Diemen, Royale
Formula Atlantic: Ralt
Formula Indy: Lola, March, Swift, GForce, Reynard
Sports-cars: Porsche (930, 962), Riley
Touring-cars: Ford, Chevrolet (Brazilian stocks), Alfa-Romeo